Countermeasures against solvent fire in the hottes

Countermeasures for small chemical plants to prevent solvent fires

individual small chemical plants use flammable and explosive organic solvents to carry out plastic shrinkage experiments with this mold. The following examples are the key words to prevent fires: standardize behavior and be familiar with performance

1. In terms of standardizing behavior, enterprises and enterprise employees, if there are loose workers, should improve their awareness of fire safety management, establish relevant management systems, and arrange special personnel to be responsible for the management of innovative achievements and typical utilization of a batch of landmark cutting-edge new materials, that is, to determine fire safety personnel and fire safety managers

the buildings and layout of the plant must be designed, constructed and installed in accordance with the relevant requirements and regulations of the code for fire protection design of buildings, the provisions on fire protection design of oil refining and chemical enterprises, and the code for design of electrical installations in explosive and fire hazardous environments. According to the type, performance, production process and scale of the products produced and used, corresponding safety facilities such as monitoring, alarm, cooling, ventilation, lightning protection, anti-static, isolation operation, etc. for fire prevention, explosion prevention and anti-virus shall be set up. Before the factory is put into operation, it must be checked and approved by the fire safety supervision and management department before it can be put into operation. The layout of equipment must consider the need of safety and fire prevention. For example, the solvent storage tank should be buried underground as far as possible to prevent high temperature, sunlight and leakage. The factory shall also be equipped with high-level lightning rods. All conductors such as pumps, kettles, containers, pipelines, etc. are electrically connected and grounded, and the total grounding resistance is generally not more than 10? Extract? Shake to avoid fire caused by electrostatic discharge of remote charge caused by induction. To formulate emergency measures, automatic interlocking and leakage elimination should be set up according to the actual situation, and facilities and rescue appliances such as movable sand dune removal, emergency rescue and automatic fire extinguishing should be firmly locked. When the enterprise is far away from the fire brigade, the enterprise should also set up a full-time fire brigade or voluntary fire brigade according to the regulations to ensure the safety of production and use

2. In terms of familiarity with performance. The dangers of flammable and explosive organic solvents mainly include flammability, explosion, thermal expansion, fluidity, electrostatic generation and toxicity. For the use of flammable and explosive organic solvents, we must have a fairly clear understanding and grasp of their physical and chemical properties

(1) use organic solvents correctly. For the use of flammable and explosive volatile organic solvents, the safe use temperature at the contact point with air shall be controlled to be below 30 ℃ of their boiling point

(2) try to reduce open operation, adopt closed operation, and strictly prevent evaporation and diffusion; Try to reduce the stacking of solvent barrels in the production workshop, and the existing amount is based on the consumption of one day; More storage tank static loading, less bucket dynamic loading

(3) when the paint factory produces resin, its process is often to boil the resin at a high temperature (about 200 ℃ to 240 ℃) and directly pour it into the dilution tank that has been stirred and prepared for dilution and concentration agents (such as 200 solvent gasoline, toluene, xylene, etc.). These high-temperature resins quickly raise the solvent temperature, and even reach the boiling point. Therefore, when manufacturing the dilution kettle, it is necessary to install the jacket on the dilution kettle, install the straight condenser on the kettle, and then open the jacket and condenser cooling water before emptying the dilution kettle to allow it to circulate and cool the substances in the dilution kettle, so as to prevent a large amount of hot solvent vapor from being discharged

(4) the power lines in the production workshop of the paint factory should be embedded as much as possible. If there is a real need for open lines, metal sleeves should be added instead of plastic sleeves, so as to avoid the circuit short circuit and fire caused by the aging of plastic sleeves and the long-term erosion of organic solvents

(5) try to avoid sparks caused by the collision of metal objects in the production workshop. When the author inspected a paint factory, he saw a production worker scraping the paint with a plastering knife on the axis of the high-speed disperser. This is a very dangerous behavior, because this practice is easy to cause sparks, which should be absolutely prohibited

(6) the air humidity in the production site should be kept between 65% and 70% as far as possible to reduce the harm of static electricity, because high humidity air can reduce the surface resistance of substances and lead to static electricity

(7) repair and maintain the equipment regularly. Due to the high temperature and corrosivity in the production process, various equipment, containers and pipelines have been washed and corroded by materials for a long time, and the pipe wall and tank wall have gradually become thinner, which is prone to fire accidents of leakage. Therefore, the key equipment should be maintained, repaired and replaced regularly

(8) strengthen the fire safety training for enterprise employees, and regularly organize fire-fighting drills. For example, it is very important to correctly select fire extinguishing agents according to specific gravity and water solubility for flammable, explosive and volatile organic solvents

(9) the factory should set fire lines to prevent fire sources from entering the production area